Piperazine, anhydrous · diethylenediamine · ≥99% flake, commercial and LR grades
Piperazine is a six-membered ring carrying two secondary amine nitrogens directly opposite each other — and unlike the amines around it, it is a white crystalline solid at room temperature, supplied as flakes or prills rather than a liquid. It is the parent ring of a large family of pharmaceuticals, an anthelmintic in its own right, and an intermediate for resins, corrosion inhibitors and acid-gas scrubbing solvents. Chelora Amines supplies it worldwide and across India, in moisture-sealed packaging with a batch-wise COA and SDS.
48.04 + 8.06 + 28.02 + 2.02 = 86.14 g/mol
Piperazine, anhydrous, is a white crystalline solid or flake with a faint amine odour, melting at about 106 °C and boiling (with some sublimation) near 146 °C. It is freely soluble in water and, being hygroscopic, will slowly pick up moisture from humid air and drift towards its hexahydrate form if left in an open pack.
Structurally it is a symmetrical relative of Piperidine with a second nitrogen in place of one ring carbon. That symmetry, and the fact that it carries two reactive N–H groups on opposite sides of the ring, is why it turns up as a linking unit in so many pharmaceuticals: it bridges two other fragments of a molecule in one compact, rigid piece.
It is manufactured mainly from ethylenediamine or diethanolamine over a dehydrogenation or cyclisation catalyst, and also recovered as a co-product of some ethyleneamine plants. Related ethyleneamines, water content and the hexahydrate fraction are the parameters a specification controls.
| Chemical name | Piperazine (anhydrous) |
| Common synonyms | Piperazine, diethylenediamine, hexahydropyrazine |
| CAS number | 110-85-0 |
| EC / EINECS number | 203-808-3 |
| HS / HSN code | 2933 59 (compounds containing a piperazine ring) |
| Molecular formula | C₄H₁₀N₂ |
| Molecular weight | 86.14 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline flakes, prills or powder |
| Odour | Faint, amine-like |
| Melting point | About 106 °C |
| Boiling point | About 146 °C (sublimes) |
| Density | About 1.10 g/cm³ (solid) |
| Solubility in water | Freely soluble; hygroscopic — absorbs moisture to form the hexahydrate |
| pKa (first / second) | About 9.7 and 5.3 at 25 °C |
| UN number | UN 2579, Class 8, packing group III |
Figures are typical literature values for orientation. Values for the material you order are stated on its Certificate of Analysis and Safety Data Sheet.
Piperazine has two secondary amine nitrogens of different reactivity once one is substituted. Almost every use follows from acting on one or both of them.
Reacts with one or two equivalents of an acid chloride or anhydride to give mono- or bis-amides, common pharma intermediates.
RCOCl + C₄H₁₀N₂ → amideAlkyl halides and activated leaving groups substitute one or both nitrogens, building the piperazine-linked scaffolds found in many APIs.
R–X + C₄H₁₀N₂ → N-alkylpiperazineForms crystalline salts with acids — piperazine phosphate and piperazine citrate are the anthelmintic forms — and stable adducts used to purify other amines.
acid + C₄H₁₀N₂ → saltActivates amine-based scrubbing solvents, accelerating CO₂ and H₂S absorption in gas-treating plants.
CO₂ + amine/piperazine → carbamateReacts with carbon disulfide or epoxy resins to give crosslinkers and rubber-chemical intermediates.
CS₂ or epoxide + C₄H₁₀N₂ → adductAdds across isocyanates and isothiocyanates to build agrochemical and pharma intermediates.
RNCO + C₄H₁₀N₂ → ureaProcess notes. Piperazine melts at about 106 °C, well above normal handling temperature, so it is charged as a solid or as a pre-made aqueous solution. It is corrosive and a known respiratory and skin sensitiser — control dust during charging, and use closed transfer or local exhaust rather than open scooping.
Discuss your processPiperazine is made either by catalytic cyclisation of ethylenediamine derivatives or as a co-product of ethyleneamine manufacture, and the route decides how much related ethyleneamine carries through.
Ethylenediamine, or diethanolamine, is fed to a catalytic reactor along with ammonia.
Over a fixed-bed catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure, two feedstock molecules cyclise and lose ammonia or water to close the piperazine ring.
The reactor stream carries piperazine along with unreacted feed, ethyleneamine oligomers such as aminoethylpiperazine, water and ammonia.
Ammonia and water are stripped, distillation isolates piperazine from the heavier ethyleneamines, and the melt is flaked or prilled.
Product is tested for assay, water, and related ethyleneamines, then packed in moisture-sealed bags, fibre drums or bulk bags under a dry atmosphere.
Related ethyleneamines — chiefly aminoethylpiperazine and residual ethylenediamine — are the impurities that matter most, since they carry extra amine functionality into a reaction expecting only two. Water content is watched closely because piperazine is hygroscopic and a wet flake assays lower on a dry basis.
Where a pharmacopoeial or registration limit applies, or your process needs a tighter related-substance limit than the standard flake, send it with the enquiry and we will match the batch rather than send the standard grade.
Store in the original moisture-sealed pack, cool and dry, away from humid air — an opened bag left in a humid plant will visibly cake and clump as it absorbs water and drifts towards the hexahydrate.
Reseal partly used bags and drums between draws, and keep a retained sample of every batch so a query months later can be checked against the original material. Twelve months in sealed original packing is the normal working figure.
Tell us the application and the limits that matter and we will confirm the grade. Flake and commercial grade cover most industrial and resin use; LR grade suits laboratory and pharmaceutical intermediate work.
The standard grade for resins, corrosion inhibitors, gas scrubbing and general synthesis.
A tighter related-substance and heavy-metal limit for pharmaceutical intermediate use.
Tighter limits on water and related ethyleneamines for development and pilot work.
Batches selected or sourced against limits you name, such as related substances or water.
| Parameter | Test method | Typical specification |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Visual | White crystalline flakes or prills |
| Assay (piperazine) | GC / titration | ≥ 99.0 % w/w |
| Water | Karl Fischer | ≤ 0.5 % w/w |
| Aminoethylpiperazine + ethylenediamine | GC | ≤ 0.5 % w/w total |
| Melting point | Capillary | 104–107 °C |
| Heavy metals (as Pb) | ICP | ≤ 20 ppm |
Indicative specification for planning. The controlling document is the Certificate of Analysis issued for your batch. If your process needs tighter limits, say so at enquiry stage and we will quote against your specification.
Piperazine's closest relatives are the other ring amines around it and its own downstream homologue, aminoethylpiperazine. Physical form is the first thing that separates them — most of this family is liquid, piperazine is not.
| Property | Piperazine | Piperidine | Aminoethylpiperazine | Ethylenediamine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAS number | 110-85-0 | 110-89-4 | 140-31-8 | 107-15-3 |
| Formula | C₄H₁₀N₂ | C₅H₁₁N | C₆H₁₅N₃ | C₂H₈N₂ |
| Physical form at 20 °C | White solid, mp ≈ 106 °C | Liquid | Liquid | Liquid |
| Ring nitrogens | Two, opposite | One | One ring + one exocyclic | None (open chain) |
| pKa values | ≈ 9.7 and 5.3 | ≈ 11.2 | ≈ 9.1 (ring), ≈ 4.3 | ≈ 10.7 and 7.6 |
| Typical outlets | Pharma linkers, anthelmintic, resins, gas scrubbing | Pharma intermediates, rubber accelerators | Curing agents, corrosion inhibitors, fuel additives | Curing agents, chelants, fungicide intermediates |
Order by full name and CAS number. State Piperazine, anhydrous and CAS 110-85-0 on the enquiry and purchase order — the hexahydrate carries a different CAS number (142-63-2) and a different assay basis, so confirm which form your process is built around.
See the full amine rangePharmaceutical intermediates and anthelmintic use account for a large share of demand, with resins, corrosion inhibitors and gas-treating solvents taking the balance.
A recurring linker ring in antibiotics, antipsychotics and other APIs, and the active in its own anthelmintic salts.
Piperazine citrate and phosphate salts are established treatments for roundworm and pinworm infection in humans and animals.
A difunctional amine hardener and chain extender for epoxy and polyamide resin systems.
Piperazine and its salts feature in vapour-phase and formulated corrosion-inhibitor packages.
Blended into amine solvents to speed CO₂ and H₂S absorption in gas-treating and carbon-capture plants.
Building block for herbicide, fungicide and dye intermediates that use the piperazine ring as a linker.
If you are mapping a value chain, or looking for the product one step down from where you are, this is where Piperazine ends up. Several of these are chemicals we can also source for you.
| Derivative | Made by | End use |
|---|---|---|
| N-Substituted piperazines | N-alkylation or N-acylation | Pharmaceutical APIs and intermediates |
| Piperazine phosphate and citrate | Salt formation with phosphoric or citric acid | Anthelmintic formulations |
| Aminoethylpiperazine | Reaction with ethylene oxide derivatives / co-product route | Epoxy curing agents, corrosion inhibitors |
| Piperazine-based polyamides | Polycondensation with diacids or diacid chlorides | Membrane and engineering polymers |
| Activated CO₂-scrubbing solvents | Blending into amine solvent systems | Gas treating and carbon capture |
| Piperazine dithiocarbamates | Reaction with carbon disulfide | Rubber and agrochemical intermediates |
Looking for one of these rather than the amine itself? Ask us — several sit within our sourcing network, and we can quote the derivative and the raw material together.
Every container carries the Chelora Amines label with product name, net weight, batch number, manufacturing date, UN number and hazard pictograms.
Multi-wall, moisture-lined paper or woven bags for trial and small-batch orders.
Fibre or HDPE drums with a moisture-resistant liner, the standard production pack.
FIBC bulk bags for plants drawing material every week, moisture-sealed and palletised.
Full container loads of bagged or drummed material for large, regular consumers.
Tell us the monthly draw and how you store hazardous liquids, and we will recommend the grade, pack size and delivery schedule. Export consignments are packed in UN-specification drums and totes, palletised and stretch-wrapped, and shipped FOB, CIF or CFR through Nhava Sheva and Mundra.
Plan my supplyPiperazine is a corrosive solid, an eye and skin irritant, and a recognised respiratory sensitiser — repeated dust exposure can trigger occupational asthma in sensitised individuals. It is not flammable in the way the liquid amines around it are, but dust control matters as much as chemical exposure. The notes below are a summary for planning only — work to the Safety Data Sheet supplied with your consignment and to your own site risk assessment.
Piperazine is a regulated dangerous good in transport. That is routine for us, but it shapes what we need from you before a first shipment moves.
| Proper shipping name | Piperazine |
| UN number / class | UN 2579 · Class 8 |
| Packing group | III |
| Labels | Corrosive label |
| Modes | Road, rail and sea (IMDG); air movement within dangerous goods quantity limits |
| Segregation | Away from acids, oxidisers and foodstuffs; keep dry |
| Packaging | Moisture-sealed multi-wall bags, fibre drums or FIBC bulk bags, palletised and shrink-wrapped for export |
We supply business to business only, against verified company credentials, consignee details and a signed end-use declaration, plus any import permit the destination country requires.
Start account opening| Parameter | Specification | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline flakes or prills | Complies |
| Assay (piperazine) | ≥ 99.0 % w/w | Complies |
| Water | ≤ 0.5 % w/w | Complies |
| Aminoethylpiperazine + ethylenediamine | ≤ 0.5 % w/w total | Complies |
| Melting point | 104–107 °C | Complies |
Piperazine is checked before dispatch and each consignment leaves with the paperwork your QC, stores and accounts teams need on day one.
The numbers on a Certificate of Analysis are only useful if you know how they were produced. These are the methods behind the figures on ours, and the checks worth repeating at your own goods-inward.
Separates the amine from related amines and residual solvents in one run, and gives both the assay and the impurity profile that matter to your reaction.
An independent check on total amine content, useful as a quick goods-inward confirmation before a drum is released to production.
Water determination, which matters wherever the next step is moisture sensitive or the amine feeds an anhydrous reaction.
A visual platinum–cobalt comparison. A rising colour value is the earliest sign that a pack has been exposed to air or held too long.
Fast confirmation of identity and strength, and a simple way to spot a wrong pack or a contaminated drum.
Gravimetric residue and trace metal checks, which matter for catalytic steps and regulated formulations.
A sample from every dispatched batch is held here, so a query months later can be settled against the original material.
The batch number on the label ties back to the COA, the test record and the supply lot, which is what your auditor will ask to see.
Where your customer or regulator needs an independent result, we can arrange analysis at a NABL-accredited laboratory before dispatch.
Five steps for a first order of Piperazine. Repeat orders follow the same route on a schedule that matches your consumption.
Grade, quantity, pack size and delivery location.
We confirm the grade for your process and quote, usually within 24 hours.
The batch is tested and the COA, SDS and invoice details are prepared.
Labelled packs move by road, or in UN-spec packaging for export.
Material reaches your gate and repeat dispatches are scheduled to your usage.
Piperazine is a line on a price list and a headache in a warehouse. What separates suppliers is the grade flexibility, the paperwork and the answer you get when something is not routine.
Piperazine sits alongside the rest of our amine range, from ethanolamines to fatty amines. Your purchase team raises one enquiry, compares one quote and manages one vendor record instead of six.
Flake, commercial and LR grades are available, so you are not forced to redesign a step around the only grade your supplier happens to carry.
COA, SDS, correct HSN and HS codes, dangerous goods declarations and certificates of origin are prepared with the consignment, not chased afterwards.
Tell us your limits on assay, water content, related ethyleneamines and melting point and we quote against them, rather than sending the standard cut and letting your QC find out.
Once we know your monthly draw we hold and release material on a schedule, so you carry less inventory of a hazardous product.
Describe the reaction or formulation rather than the product code and we will tell you which grade fits — and say so plainly when a different amine would serve you better.
Buyers who order Piperazine usually source these from the same list. Open any product for its specification, grades and packing, or see the full product range.
Container shipments to buyers on five continents, plus road dispatch inside India. Tell us your country and destination port and we will quote landed terms, transit time and the documentation your customs broker will ask for.
United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Egypt, Morocco, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa.
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Australia and New Zealand.
Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland, Czechia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Türkiye, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and the Caribbean, shipped in UN-specification packaging with full DG documentation.
| Incoterms quoted | EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF and DAP, depending on your destination and preference |
| Load ports | Nhava Sheva (JNPT) and Mundra, with Chennai and Kolkata used for eastbound routings |
| Container options | Full container loads, and consolidated LCL shipments for smaller quantities |
| Typical container fill | Around 80 drums, or roughly 18 to 20 IBC totes, in a 20 ft container |
| Packing for export | UN-specification drums and totes, palletised, strapped and stretch-wrapped, with DG labelling |
| Air freight | Possible for small quantities within dangerous goods limits; most volume moves by sea |
| Payment terms | Advance, irrevocable letter of credit or agreed credit terms for established accounts |
| Before first shipment | Company credentials, end-use declaration and any import permit the destination country requires |
Most delays in quoting Piperazine come from a missing line in the enquiry, not from availability. Send these details and a firm price usually comes back the same day.
Not sure of some of it yet? Send what you have. A description of the reaction step and an approximate monthly volume is enough for us to come back with a recommended grade, a pack plan and an indicative price.
Send an enquiryPlain definitions of the words that appear on a Piperazine specification, label and shipping document.
Short answers to what purchase, plant and QC teams ask us most about this product. Anything else, ask us directly.
Send the grade, quantity, pack size and your delivery address or destination port. We come back with a price, the documents that go with the batch and a dispatch or shipping plan, usually within 24 hours.