Hexahydropyridine · azinane · ≥99.5% commercial, LR and AR grades — supplied under end-use verification
Piperidine is the fully saturated, six-membered ring form of pyridine: a cyclic secondary amine and one of the strongest common industrial bases. It is a core building block for pharmaceuticals, local anaesthetics, rubber accelerators and corrosion inhibitors. It is also listed as a precursor chemical under international drug-control conventions, so every order is supplied against a verified end use. Chelora Amines supplies it worldwide and across India, in UN-specification packaging with a batch-wise COA, SDS and the declarations a controlled precursor requires.
60.05 + 10.08 + 14.01 + 1.01 = 85.15 g/mol
Piperidine, also called hexahydropyridine or azinane, is a clear, colourless to pale yellow, highly flammable liquid with a strong pepper- and amine-like odour. It boils at 106 °C, freezes just below 0 °C, and mixes with water in all proportions.
It is the saturated ring version of pyridine, and the comparison with Cyclohexylamine is the useful one: both are cyclic secondary or primary amines with an unhindered nitrogen, but piperidine's nitrogen sits inside the ring rather than hanging off it, which makes it one of the strongest bases in routine industrial use — its conjugate acid pKa of about 11.2 is noticeably higher than the roughly 10.6 typical of primary alkylamines.
It is manufactured almost entirely by catalytic hydrogenation of pyridine, a large-volume coal-tar and synthetic feedstock. Because piperidine is also a listed precursor chemical for illicit drug manufacture, its trade is monitored internationally, and supply is restricted to buyers who can show a genuine industrial, pharmaceutical or research end use.
| Chemical name | Piperidine (hexahydropyridine, azinane) |
| Common synonyms | Piperidine, hexahydropyridine, azinane, pentamethyleneimine |
| CAS number | 110-89-4 |
| EC / EINECS number | 203-813-0 |
| HS / HSN code | 2933 32 (piperidine and its salts) |
| Molecular formula | C₅H₁₁N |
| Molecular weight | 85.15 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid |
| Odour | Strong, pepper- and amine-like |
| Melting point | About −7 °C |
| Boiling point | 106 °C |
| Density | About 0.862 g/cm³ at 25 °C |
| Flash point | About 16 °C (closed cup) |
| Solubility in water | Completely miscible |
| pKa of conjugate acid | About 11.2 at 25 °C |
| Regulatory status | Table II precursor chemical under the 1988 UN Convention; DEA List I chemical in the United States |
| UN number | UN 2401, Class 3, subsidiary risk 8, packing group II |
Figures are typical literature values for orientation. Values for the material you order are stated on its Certificate of Analysis and Safety Data Sheet.
Piperidine reacts like a strong, unhindered secondary amine. Its main industrial value is as a nitrogen-donor building block: the ring becomes part of the target molecule rather than being consumed.
Acylates readily with acid chlorides, anhydrides and sulfonyl chlorides to give N-acylpiperidines, common pharma intermediates.
RCOCl + C₅H₁₁N → amideCondenses with ketones and aldehydes bearing an alpha-hydrogen to form enamines, classic nucleophiles in C–C bond formation.
ketone + C₅H₁₁N → enamineAdds to carbon disulfide and a metal salt to give piperidine pentamethylene dithiocarbamate, a rubber vulcanisation accelerator.
CS₂ + C₅H₁₁N → dithiocarbamateNeutralises organic and mineral acids to piperidinium salts used as corrosion inhibitors and catalysts.
acid + C₅H₁₁N → saltUsed as an accelerator and catalyst in epoxy and phenolic resin curing at low addition levels.
catalytic, sub-stoichiometricDisplaces halides and activated leaving groups to install the piperidine ring onto a target scaffold.
R–X + C₅H₁₁N → R–piperidineA classic organocatalyst base for Knoevenagel condensations and Mannich reactions in fine-chemical synthesis.
catalytic baseWith a conjugate-acid pKa near 11.2 it neutralises acid generated in acylation and coupling steps more completely than a weaker base.
pKa ≈ 11.2 at 25 °CProcess notes. Piperidine has a flash point near 16 °C, so it is flammable at normal room temperature, and it is corrosive and toxic by skin contact. Handle it only against an approved, verified order — dose with cooling where reactions are exothermic, keep transfers closed, earthed and under nitrogen, and record consumption against the declared end use.
Discuss your processPiperidine is made in a single catalytic step from pyridine, so the specification is mainly about how completely the ring was saturated and how clean the pyridine feedstock was.
Pyridine, produced from coal tar or by synthetic routes from acetaldehyde and ammonia, is the sole practical feedstock.
Over a nickel, cobalt or palladium catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure, hydrogen saturates the aromatic ring to give piperidine.
The reactor delivers piperidine with unreacted pyridine, partially hydrogenated intermediates and water.
Distillation removes water and light ends and separates piperidine from residual pyridine and heavier by-products.
Product is tested for assay, residual pyridine, water and colour, then filled under nitrogen into drums or smaller verified-buyer packs.
Residual pyridine is the impurity that matters most: it is itself controlled in some jurisdictions and changes the odour and reactivity of a batch. Incomplete hydrogenation can also leave tetrahydropyridine intermediates, which behave differently in acylation and enamine chemistry.
Water content affects catalytic and moisture-sensitive uses. Where a registration dossier, a validated process or an import permit names limits, send them with the enquiry and we will match the batch and its paperwork rather than send the standard cut.
Twelve months in sealed original packing, kept cool, dry and away from every ignition source, is the normal working figure. Piperidine absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from air, and open containers pick up colour quickly.
Because supply is verified, we also hold consumption records against the declared end use for every consignment. Keep drums closed between draws and re-check assay, water and colour before a critical batch from older stock. A retained sample of every batch is held here.
Tell us the reaction, the limits that matter and the end use, and we will confirm the grade and the paperwork together. Commercial grade covers most production use; LR and AR grades are available for laboratory, method development and analytical work, always against the same verification.
The standard production grade for intermediates, salt formation and general synthesis.
Tighter limits on related amines, water and colour for development and pilot work.
The tightest grade we offer, for analytical method work, standards and QC laboratories.
Batches selected or sourced against limits you name, such as water, related amines or colour.
| Parameter | Test method | Typical specification |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Visual | Clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid |
| Assay (piperidine) | GC | ≥ 99.5 % w/w |
| Pyridine | GC | ≤ 0.3 % w/w |
| Water | Karl Fischer | ≤ 0.2 % w/w |
| Colour | APHA | ≤ 15 |
| Non-volatile matter | Gravimetric | ≤ 0.05 % w/w |
Indicative specification for planning. The controlling document is the Certificate of Analysis issued for your batch. If your process needs tighter limits, say so at enquiry stage and we will quote against your specification.
Piperidine sits at the strong-base end of the cyclic amines. Comparing it with its nearest relatives shows how much difference a ring makes to basicity, physical form and how tightly a supplier has to control who buys it.
| Property | Piperidine | Cyclohexylamine | Pyridine | Morpholine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAS number | 110-89-4 | 108-91-8 | 110-86-1 | 110-91-8 |
| Ring | Saturated, one N | Saturated carbocycle, exocyclic NH₂ | Aromatic, one N | Saturated, one N, one O |
| Amine class | Secondary, in-ring | Primary, exocyclic | Aromatic (weak base) | Secondary, in-ring |
| Boiling point | 106 °C | ≈ 134 °C | 115 °C | 129 °C |
| pKa of conjugate acid | ≈ 11.2 | ≈ 10.6 | ≈ 5.2 | ≈ 8.4 |
| Controlled status | Precursor chemical, verified end use | Not controlled | Not typically controlled | Not controlled |
| Typical outlets | Pharma intermediates, rubber accelerators, catalysis | Boiler treatment, CBS accelerator, cyclamate | Solvent, pharma and agro intermediate | Boiler treatment, rubber accelerators, catalysis |
Order by full name and CAS number. State Piperidine and CAS 110-89-4 on every enquiry and purchase order, together with the end use. Pyridine is the aromatic precursor to piperidine and is a different, separately regulated substance.
See the full amine rangePharmaceutical intermediates are the largest single outlet, with rubber chemicals, corrosion inhibitors and fine-chemical catalysis taking most of the remainder.
The piperidine ring is a recurring scaffold in marketed drugs; used to build APIs and intermediates under a documented end use.
Feed for piperidine pentamethylene dithiocarbamate and related ultra-fast accelerators used at low dose in rubber compounding.
Piperidinium salts are used as vapour-phase and formulation corrosion inhibitors in niche applications.
A standard organocatalyst base for Knoevenagel condensations, Mannich reactions and related C–C bond-forming steps.
Used in controlled laboratory quantities for method development and reference standards.
Low-dose accelerator for epoxy and phenolic resin cure schedules.
If you are mapping a value chain, or looking for the product one step down from where you are, this is where Piperidine ends up. Several of these are chemicals we can also source for you.
| Derivative | Made by | End use |
|---|---|---|
| N-Acylpiperidines | Acylation with acid chlorides or anhydrides | Pharmaceutical intermediates |
| Piperidine pentamethylene dithiocarbamate | Reaction with carbon disulfide and a metal salt | Rubber vulcanisation accelerator |
| Piperidinium salts | Neutralisation with organic or mineral acids | Corrosion inhibitors, catalysts |
| Enamines | Condensation with ketones bearing an alpha-hydrogen | Synthetic intermediates |
| N-Substituted piperidines | Nucleophilic substitution on the ring nitrogen | Pharmaceutical and agrochemical scaffolds |
| Piperidine carbodithioates | Reaction with CS₂ under basic conditions | Fungicide and rubber-chemical intermediates |
Looking for one of these rather than the amine itself? Ask us — several sit within our sourcing network, and we can quote the derivative and the raw material together.
Every container carries the Chelora Amines label with product name, net weight, batch number, manufacturing date, UN number and hazard pictograms.
HDPE carboys for lab qualification, pilot batches and low-consumption users.
MS and HDPE drums, the standard production pack, with tamper-evident closures.
Forklift-ready totes with bottom valves for plants drawing material every week.
Bulk loads and ISO tank containers for continuous plants and large campaigns.
Tell us the monthly draw and how you store hazardous liquids, and we will recommend the grade, pack size and delivery schedule. Export consignments are packed in UN-specification drums and totes, palletised and stretch-wrapped, and shipped FOB, CIF or CFR through Nhava Sheva and Mundra.
Plan my supplyPiperidine is a flammable, corrosive, toxic base with a flash point near 16 °C, and it is separately controlled as a drug precursor chemical. The notes below are a summary for planning only — work to the Safety Data Sheet supplied with your consignment, your own site risk assessment, and the import and end-use conditions that apply in your country.
Piperidine is a regulated dangerous good in transport. That is routine for us, but it shapes what we need from you before a first shipment moves.
| Proper shipping name | Piperidine |
| UN number / class | UN 2401 · Class 3, subsidiary risk 8 |
| Packing group | II |
| Labels | Flammable liquid and corrosive labels |
| Modes | Road, rail and sea (IMDG); air movement within dangerous goods quantity limits |
| Segregation | Away from acids, oxidisers, halogens and foodstuffs |
| Packaging | UN-specification drums, palletised and strapped for export, dispatched only against a verified order |
We supply business to business only, against verified company credentials, consignee details and a signed end-use declaration, plus any import permit the destination country requires.
Start account opening| Parameter | Specification | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid | Complies |
| Assay (piperidine) | ≥ 99.5 % w/w | Complies |
| Pyridine | ≤ 0.3 % w/w | Complies |
| Water | ≤ 0.2 % w/w | Complies |
| Colour | ≤ 15 | Complies |
Piperidine is checked before dispatch and each consignment leaves with the paperwork your QC, stores and accounts teams need on day one.
The numbers on a Certificate of Analysis are only useful if you know how they were produced. These are the methods behind the figures on ours, and the checks worth repeating at your own goods-inward.
Separates the amine from related amines and residual solvents in one run, and gives both the assay and the impurity profile that matter to your reaction.
An independent check on total amine content, useful as a quick goods-inward confirmation before a drum is released to production.
Water determination, which matters wherever the next step is moisture sensitive or the amine feeds an anhydrous reaction.
A visual platinum–cobalt comparison. A rising colour value is the earliest sign that a pack has been exposed to air or held too long.
Fast confirmation of identity and strength, and a simple way to spot a wrong pack or a contaminated drum.
Gravimetric residue and trace metal checks, which matter for catalytic steps and regulated formulations.
A sample from every dispatched batch is held here, so a query months later can be settled against the original material.
The batch number on the label ties back to the COA, the test record and the supply lot, which is what your auditor will ask to see.
Where your customer or regulator needs an independent result, we can arrange analysis at a NABL-accredited laboratory before dispatch.
Five steps for a first order of Piperidine. Repeat orders follow the same route on a schedule that matches your consumption.
Grade, quantity, pack size and delivery location.
We confirm the grade for your process and quote, usually within 24 hours.
The batch is tested and the COA, SDS and invoice details are prepared.
Labelled packs move by road, or in UN-spec packaging for export.
Material reaches your gate and repeat dispatches are scheduled to your usage.
Piperidine is a line on a price list and a headache in a warehouse. What separates suppliers is the grade flexibility, the paperwork and the answer you get when something is not routine.
Piperidine sits alongside the rest of our amine range, from ethanolamines to fatty amines. Your purchase team raises one enquiry, compares one quote and manages one vendor record instead of six.
Commercial, LR and AR grades are available, so you are not forced to redesign a step around the only grade your supplier happens to carry.
COA, SDS, correct HSN and HS codes, dangerous goods declarations and certificates of origin are prepared with the consignment, not chased afterwards.
Tell us your limits on assay, residual pyridine, water and colour and we quote against them, rather than sending the standard cut and letting your QC find out.
Once we know your monthly draw we hold and release material on a schedule, so you carry less inventory of a hazardous product.
Describe the reaction or formulation rather than the product code and we will tell you which grade fits — and say so plainly when a different amine would serve you better.
Buyers who order Piperidine usually source these from the same list. Open any product for its specification, grades and packing, or see the full product range.
Container shipments to buyers on five continents, plus road dispatch inside India. Tell us your country and destination port and we will quote landed terms, transit time and the documentation your customs broker will ask for.
United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Egypt, Morocco, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa.
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Australia and New Zealand.
Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland, Czechia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Türkiye, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and the Caribbean, shipped in UN-specification packaging with full DG documentation.
| Incoterms quoted | EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF and DAP, depending on your destination and preference |
| Load ports | Nhava Sheva (JNPT) and Mundra, with Chennai and Kolkata used for eastbound routings |
| Container options | Full container loads, and consolidated LCL shipments for smaller quantities |
| Typical container fill | Around 80 drums, or roughly 18 to 20 IBC totes, in a 20 ft container |
| Packing for export | UN-specification drums and totes, palletised, strapped and stretch-wrapped, with DG labelling |
| Air freight | Possible for small quantities within dangerous goods limits; most volume moves by sea |
| Payment terms | Advance, irrevocable letter of credit or agreed credit terms for established accounts |
| Before first shipment | Company credentials, end-use declaration and any import permit the destination country requires |
Most delays in quoting Piperidine come from a missing line in the enquiry, not from availability. Send these details and a firm price usually comes back the same day.
Not sure of some of it yet? Send what you have. A description of the reaction step and an approximate monthly volume is enough for us to come back with a recommended grade, a pack plan and an indicative price.
Send an enquiryPlain definitions of the words that appear on a Piperidine specification, label and shipping document.
Short answers to what purchase, plant and QC teams ask us most about this product. Anything else, ask us directly.
Send the grade, quantity, pack size and your delivery address or destination port. We come back with a price, the documents that go with the batch and a dispatch or shipping plan, usually within 24 hours.